SpringBoot学习2-原理分析级配置文件

1.SpringBoot原理分析

1.1 起步依赖原理分析

1.1.1 分析spring-boot-starter-parent

按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-parent,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-parent的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):

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<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>

按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-dependencies,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):

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<properties>
<activemq.version>5.15.3</activemq.version>
<antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
<appengine-sdk.version>1.9.63</appengine-sdk.version>
<artemis.version>2.4.0</artemis.version>
<aspectj.version>1.8.13</aspectj.version>
<assertj.version>3.9.1</assertj.version>
<atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version>
<bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>
<build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.0.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
<byte-buddy.version>1.7.11</byte-buddy.version>
... ... ...
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
... ... ...
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
<artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${kotlin.version}</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jooq</groupId>
<artifactId>jooq-codegen-maven</artifactId>
<version>${jooq.version}</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</plugin>
... ... ...
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>

从上面的spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml中我们可以发现,一部分坐标的版本、依赖管理、插件管理已经定义好,所以我们的SpringBoot工程继承spring-boot-starter-parent后已经具备版本锁定等配置了。所以起步依赖的作用就是进行依赖的传递。

1.1.2 分析spring-boot-starter-web

按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-web,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starters</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<name>Spring Boot Web Starter</name>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>6.0.9.Final</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

从上面的spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml中我们可以发现,spring-boot-starter-web就是将web开发要使用的spring-web、spring-webmvc等坐标进行了“打包”,这样我们的工程只要引入spring-boot-starter-web起步依赖的坐标就可以进行web开发了,同样体现了依赖传递的作用。也就是说,springboot是针对功能进行导包。

1.2 自动配置原理解析

按住Ctrl点击查看启动类MySpringBootApplication上的注解@SpringBootApplication

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@SpringBootApplication
public class MySpringBootApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class);
}
}

注解@SpringBootApplication的源码

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@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

/**
* Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
* @return the classes to exclude
*/
@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

... ... ...

}

其中,

@SpringBootConfiguration:等同与@Configuration,既标注该类是Spring的一个配置类;

@ComponentScan:确定要扫描的包,即当前类所在的包及其子包下所有的类;

@EnableAutoConfiguration:SpringBoot自动配置功能开启

按住Ctrl点击查看注解@EnableAutoConfiguration

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@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
... ... ...
}

其中,@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 导入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector类

按住Ctrl点击查看AutoConfigurationImportSelector源码

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protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata, AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return EMPTY_ENTRY;
} else {
AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
configurations = this.filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
}
}

// 查看上述的getCandidateConfigurations方法
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());

return configurations;
}

其中,SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 方法的作用就是从META-INF/spring.factories文件中读取指定类对应的类名称列表

spring.factories 文件中有关自动配置的配置信息如下:

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... ... ...

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\

... ... ...

上面配置文件存在大量的以Configuration为结尾的类名称,这些类就是存有自动配置信息的类,而SpringApplication在获取这些类名后再加载

我们以ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration为例来分析源码:

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@Configuration
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRequest.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
@Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class })
public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
... ... ...
}

其中,

@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) 代表加载ServerProperties服务器配置属性类

进入ServerProperties.class源码如下:

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@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)
public class ServerProperties {

/**
* Server HTTP port.
*/
private Integer port;

/**
* Network address to which the server should bind.
*/
private InetAddress address;

... ... ...

}

其中,

prefix = “server” 表示SpringBoot配置文件中的前缀,SpringBoot会将配置文件中以server开始的属性映射到该类的字段中。默认映射关系可以查看:

点开json文件,搜索可得,所以默认端口是8080,

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………………
{
"name": "server.port",
"type": "java.lang.Integer",
"description": "Server HTTP port.",
"sourceType": "org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerProperties",
"defaultValue": 8080
},
………………

知道上述关系后,若要覆盖,则可自己在配置文件中修改映射关系如下:

2、SpringBoot的配置文件

2.1 SpringBoot配置文件类型

2.1.1 SpringBoot配置文件类型和作用

SpringBoot是基于约定的,所以很多配置都有默认值,但如果想使用自己的配置替换默认配置的话,就可以使用application.properties或者application.yml(application.yaml)进行配置。

SpringBoot默认会从Resources目录下加载application.properties或application.yml(application.yaml)文件

其中,application.properties文件是键值对类型的文件,之前一直在使用,所以此处不在对properties文件的格式进行阐述。除了properties文件外,SpringBoot还可以使用yml文件进行配置,下面对yml文件进行讲解。

2.1.2 application.yml配置文件

2.1.2.1 yml配置文件简介

YML文件格式是YAML (YAML Aint Markup Language)编写的文件格式,YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的的数据数据序列化格式,并且容易被人类阅读,容易和脚本语言交互的,可以被支持YAML库的不同的编程语言程序导入,比如: C/C++, Ruby, Python, Java, Perl, C#, PHP等。YML文件是以数据为核心的,比传统的xml方式更加简洁。

YML文件的扩展名可以使用.yml或者.yaml。

2.1.2.2 yml配置文件的语法

2.1.2.2.1 配置普通数据
  • 语法: key: value

  • 示例代码:

  • name: haohao
    
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    - 注意:value之前有一个空格

    ##### 2.1.2.2.2 配置对象数据

    - 语法:

    ​ key:

    ​ key1: value1

    ​ key2: value2

    ​ 或者:

    ​ key: {key1: value1,key2: value2}

    - 示例代码:

    - ```yaml
    person:
    name: haohao
    age: 31
    addr: beijing

    #或者

    person: {name: haohao,age: 31,addr: beijing}
  • 注意:key1前面的空格个数不限定,在yml语法中,相同缩进代表同一个级别

2.1.2.2.2 配置Map数据

同上面的对象写法

2.1.2.2.3 配置数组(List、Set)数据
  • 语法:

    ​ key:

    ​ - value1

    ​ - value2

    或者:

    ​ key: [value1,value2]

  • 示例代码:

  • city:
      - beijing
      - tianjin
      - shanghai
      - chongqing
    
    #或者
    
    city: [beijing,tianjin,shanghai,chongqing]
    
    #集合中的元素是对象形式
    student:
      - name: zhangsan
        age: 18
        score: 100
      - name: lisi
        age: 28
        score: 88
      - name: wangwu
        age: 38
        score: 90
    
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    - 注意:value1与之间的 - 之间存在一个空格

    ### 2.1.3 SpringBoot配置信息的查询

    上面提及过,SpringBoot的配置文件,主要的目的就是对配置信息进行修改的,但在配置时的key从哪里去查询呢?我们可以查阅SpringBoot的官方文档

    文档URL:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.1.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#common-application-properties

    常用的配置摘抄如下:

    ```properties
    # QUARTZ SCHEDULER (QuartzProperties)
    spring.quartz.jdbc.initialize-schema=embedded # Database schema initialization mode.
    spring.quartz.jdbc.schema=classpath:org/quartz/impl/jdbcjobstore/tables_@@platform@@.sql # Path to the SQL file to use to initialize the database schema.
    spring.quartz.job-store-type=memory # Quartz job store type.
    spring.quartz.properties.*= # Additional Quartz Scheduler properties.

    # ----------------------------------------
    # WEB PROPERTIES
    # ----------------------------------------

    # EMBEDDED SERVER CONFIGURATION (ServerProperties)
    server.port=8080 # Server HTTP port.
    server.servlet.context-path= # Context path of the application.
    server.servlet.path=/ # Path of the main dispatcher servlet.

    # HTTP encoding (HttpEncodingProperties)
    spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8 # Charset of HTTP requests and responses. Added to the "Content-Type" header if not set explicitly.

    # JACKSON (JacksonProperties)
    spring.jackson.date-format= # Date format string or a fully-qualified date format class name. For instance, `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss`.

    # SPRING MVC (WebMvcProperties)
    spring.mvc.servlet.load-on-startup=-1 # Load on startup priority of the dispatcher servlet.
    spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/** # Path pattern used for static resources.
    spring.mvc.view.prefix= # Spring MVC view prefix.
    spring.mvc.view.suffix= # Spring MVC view suffix.

    # DATASOURCE (DataSourceAutoConfiguration & DataSourceProperties)
    spring.datasource.driver-class-name= # Fully qualified name of the JDBC driver. Auto-detected based on the URL by default.
    spring.datasource.password= # Login password of the database.
    spring.datasource.url= # JDBC URL of the database.
    spring.datasource.username= # Login username of the database.

    # JEST (Elasticsearch HTTP client) (JestProperties)
    spring.elasticsearch.jest.password= # Login password.
    spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.host= # Proxy host the HTTP client should use.
    spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.port= # Proxy port the HTTP client should use.
    spring.elasticsearch.jest.read-timeout=3s # Read timeout.
    spring.elasticsearch.jest.username= # Login username.

我们可以通过配置application.poperties 或者 application.yml 来修改SpringBoot的默认配置

例如:

application.properties文件

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server.port=8888
server.servlet.context-path=demo

application.yml文件

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server:
port: 8888
servlet:
context-path: /demo

2.2 配置文件与配置类的属性映射方式

2.2.1 使用注解@Value映射

我们可以通过@Value注解将配置文件中的值映射到一个Spring管理的Bean的字段上

例如:

application.properties配置如下:

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person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18

或者,application.yml配置如下:

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person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18

实体Bean代码如下:

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@Controller
public class QuickStartController {

@Value("${person.name}")
private String name;
@Value("${person.age}")
private Integer age;


@RequestMapping("/quick")
@ResponseBody
public String quick(){
return "springboot 访问成功! name="+name+",age="+age;
}

}

浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/quick 结果如下:

2.2.2 使用注解@ConfigurationProperties映射

通过注解@ConfigurationProperties(prefix=”配置文件中的key的前缀”)可以将配置文件中的配置自动与实体进行映射

application.properties配置如下:

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person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18

或者,application.yml配置如下:

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person:
name: zhangsan
age: 18

实体Bean代码如下:

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@Controller
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class QuickStartController {

private String name;
private Integer age;

@RequestMapping("/quick")
@ResponseBody
public String quick(){
return "springboot 访问成功! name="+name+",age="+age;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}

浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/quick 结果如下:

注意:使用@ConfigurationProperties方式可以进行配置文件与实体字段的自动映射,但需要字段必须提供set方法才可以,而使用@Value注解修饰的字段不需要提供set方法。实体Bean会显示有红条,提示没有执行器,点击Open Documentation,复制其中的Maven依赖,放到pom.xml中即可,这样再在配置文件中配置时就会有提示。

:转载文章请注明出处,谢谢~